The concept of infectobesity refers to obesity of infectious origin was accepted for the possible role of oral bacteria in the development of obesity. Apart from synthetic drugs in modern medicine, various other methods including the use of herbal medications are used to induce weight loss. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that it may have a negative effect on health. An obesity causing chicken virus may help explain the link found between poultry consumption and weight gain, and you may also be interested in chicken big. Adipose tissue and adipocytes are one of the major targets of t. Synthetic drugs for weight loss have low efficacy and high side effects. On the other hand, as virus can lead to infectobesity, h. Obesity is a common nutritional disorder that has been rapidly increasing in the past 2 decades.
Seven different pathogens canine distemper virus, rousassociated virus 7, borna disease virus, scrapie agent, smam1 avian adenovirus, and human adenoviruses ad36 and ad37 have been reported to cause obesity in animal models. This chapter examines some of the evidence to date for the various etiologies of obesity. Childhood viral infection may be a cause of obesity date. The emerging idea that obesity may have an infectious origin. Both are well attested as causes of obesity in animals. People are generally considered obese when their body mass index bmi, a measurement obtained by dividing a persons weight by the square of the persons height, is over 30 kg m 2. In addition to the wide array of environmental chemicals that people are exposed to in their daily lives, emerging evidence suggests that a number of other exposures may possibly increase an individuals chances of developing obesity or. Obesity is a global public health problem that is linked with morbidity, mortality, and functional limitations and has limited options for sustained interventions. Nai activities report 2017 by national academy of inventors. The theory of infectobesity might radically alter medical treatments, societal views and discrimination against those who are significantly. Nevertheless, over the past 30 years, approximately 10 microorganisms including canine distemper virus, avian adenovirus smam1 and human adenoviruses have been linked with obesity in either humans or animals 20.
Oct 22, 20 the prevalence of obesity has exponentially risen worldwide. Index terms ad36 virus, body mass index, infectobesity, real time pcr i. Obesity of infectious origin is a concept that has been studied in animal models during the past two decades. Microbes and obesityinterrelationship between infection. Oct 27, 2014 studies on more than a thousand children suggest that a viral infection may play a role in childhood obesity by increasing both the number and size of fat cells. Obesity, respiratory disease and pulmonary infections. The human adenovirus 36 ad36 is causally and correlatively associated in animals and humans, respectively, with increased adiposity and altered metabolic profile.
However, several microbes are linked to obesity in animals and humans. Among the many factors, infection by some pathogens has a significant impact on obesity and has been called infectobesity. People tend to view obesity as, just push yourself away from the table, he said. Flavell said bacteria may be as important as diet in dermining the cause of obesity. In the current study, we analyzed the association of hla alleles with bmi using data from 1. Childhood viral infection may be a cause of obesity. A microbiological explanation for the obesity pandemic. By definition, obesity is a condition in which the amount of body fat increases quickly. Although infectobesity, a new term to describe obesity of infectious origin, appears to be a new concept, over the past 20 y six different pathogens have been reported to cause obesity in animal models 311. Moreover, evidence that specific infections might promote the development of obesity has steadily accumulated. We evaluated the association of positive antibodies to ad36 with obesity and metabolic profile in. Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory state, and adipocyte dysfunction is thought to play a crucial role in this. Ad36 were found in obese subjects when compared to those of nonobese controls p download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Obesity is an important disorders due to which 25 million deaths occur annually worldwide.
Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of allcause mortality 4 and some authors suggest the stagnation of increasing life expectancy in recent years. Table 1 provides an outline of the chapter and the major factors thought to contribute to the etiology of obesity. In particular, human adenovirus 36 ad36 increases adipose tissue in. Sep 14, 2017 this research is now being pursued globally and dhurandhar originally coined the term infectobesity to describe obesity of infectious origin. Ad36 infection increases body weight, fat deposition, and insulin sensitivity, but decreases cholesterol and triglyceride levels 40, 42, 43. In conclusion, infectobesity or obesity of infectious origin would be a relatively novel, yet extremely significant concept, if shown to be relevant to humans. Perspectives on adipose tissue, chagas disease and. On the one hand, various microbes, including animal and. Infection with gut microbiota increases body weight and. Strong associations between hla alleles and infectious and autoimmune diseases are well established. A framework for identification of infections that contribute. Canine distemper virus was the first virus reported to cause obesity in mice, followed by rousassociated virus7, an avian retrovirus, which has been shown to cause stunting, obesity.
Cardiovascular disease cvd is the number one cause of mortality in men and women. The prevalence of obesity has exponentially risen worldwide. If relevant to humans, infectobesity would be a relatively novel, yet extremely significant concept. Evidence for an infectious origin of obesity is emerging. A role for preadipocytes as macrophagelike cells the. Obesity and infection the lancet infectious diseases. Infection of adipose tissue may trigger the production of inflammatory cytokines, leading to increased recruitment of macrophages into adipose tissue, which in turn may exacerbate the inflammatory state in obesity. Oct 01, 2005 theres no shortage of explanations for why so many people are fat. Theres no shortage of explanations for why so many people are fat. The term infectobesity refers to the hypothesis that obesity could have an infectious origin and the emerging field of medical research that studies the relationship between pathogens and weight gain.
Assessment of obesity is measured and reported by body mass index. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and genetic inheritance and behavioralenvironmental causes are considered the main etiological factors. Infectobesity, or obesity of infectious origin, might be treated with such specific approaches. Despite the health benefits, compliance with lifestyle changes to achieve sustained improvements in diet or reductions in weight is challenging. Adenovirus 36 as an obesity agent maintains the obesity state. We explored whether common viruses were associated with obesity and metabolic traits. Infection of adipose tissue and cultured adipocytes triggered. Dhurandhar nv, kulkarni pr, ajinkya sm, sherikar aa, and atkinson rl. Diet is an essential part of the weight gain of the healthy as well as the immune compromised mice, he said. Only a few works investigate the impact of obesity on the immune response to. It is creating a growing burden on public health and financial difficulties in both personal and institutional funding of health. Is early life exposure to polyomaviruses and herpesviruses.
Are human adenovirus5 and 36 associated with obesity in children. Cvd and obesity are closely linked and together take a substantial toll on the health of individuals and the community. Several pathogens have been implicated as the cause of obesity in animal models. This can cause greater weight gain and fat storage as a result. Nevertheless, over the past 30 years, approximately 10 microorganisms including canine distemper virus, avian adenovirus smam1 and human adenoviruses have been linked with obesity in either humans or animals.
Infectobesity is a newly coined term for a theory that some people who are obese actually have different bacterial flora that may cause them to process food differently. Although obesity is also associated with these diseases, the relationship between hla and obesity has not been systematically investigated in a large cohort. The term infectobesity refers to the hypothesis that obesity could have an infectious origin and the emerging field of medical research that studies the. Obesity of infectious origin simvastatin enhances induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in 3t3l1 adipocytes 7 july 2009 free radical research, vol.
A new perspective about the infectious etiology of obesity may. The detrimental effect of obesity on the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer has long been recognised and has subsequently impacted on public health policy. The virus induces obesity probably by means of interacting with the hypothalamicpituitary. Dhurandhar, at the pennington biomedical research center. The contribution of adipose tissue an autocrine and endocrine organ in the pathogenesis of infectious disease and metabolic syndrome is gaining attention. The traditional view is that behaviour leading to overeating and underactivity is the major contributing factor for this worldwide epidemic. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. Ad36 were found in obese subjects when compared to those of nonobese controls p of ad36 virus are increased in obese individuals suggesting that this virus may play a role in etiology of obesity. Jan 27, 2015 although this field, which he called infectobesity obesity of infectious origin is wellestablished now, 20 years ago this research flew in the face of prevailing wisdom. In previous studies, the relationship between ad36 seropositivity with obesity was established in adults and children. Six pathogens are reported to cause obesity in animals. In addition to the wide array of environmental chemicals that people are exposed to in their daily lives, emerging evidence suggests that a number of other exposures may possibly increase an individuals chances of developing obesity or metabolic disease. Although this field, which he called infectobesity obesity of infectious origin is wellestablished now, 20 years ago this research flew in the face of prevailing wisdom. Obesity is now a prevalent disease worldwide and has a multifactorial etiology.
It is creating a growing burden on public health and financial difficulties in both personal and institutional funding of. Canine distemper virus causes serious disease in dogs but makes mice fat. Adenovirus36 seropositivity and its relation with obesity. Currently, two thirds of us adults are overweight or obese. People are generally considered obese when their body mass index bmi, a measurement obtained by dividing a persons weight by the square of the persons height, is over 30 kgm 2. The concept of infectobesity obesity of infectious origin has recently become more popular. Given the role our gut bacteria can play in affecting our weight, having family and friends who are obese may not just be socially contagious but actually contagious. An adequate understanding of such pathogens is needed for the better management of obesity. Obesity is a major health problem in many countries all over the world. An obesitycausing chicken virus may help explain the link found between poultry consumption and weight gain, and you may also be interested in chicken big. Although obesity has multiple etiologies, an overlooked possibility is obesity of an infectious origin. Obesity, respiratory disease and pulmonary infections obesity is one of the major epidemics of our time and its prevalence is only believed to increase over coming years. Novel targets for prevention and intervention require further research into the pathogenesis of obesity. Obesity of infectious origin the journal of nutrition.
Jan 20, 2017 given the role our gut bacteria can play in affecting our weight, having family and friends who are obese may not just be socially contagious but actually contagious. In support of the infectobesity concept, a link between the ad36 virus and obesity was established in several animals and humans 30 years ago. Adenovirus 36 as an obesity agent maintains the obesity. Several viruses or viruslike agents including members of adenoviridae, herpesviridae, slow virus prion, and hepatitides, have been associated with obesity. The relative contribution of these pathogens to human obesity is unknown. Parasites are detected 300 days postinfection in adipose tissue.
Sep 22, 2010 in the book we attribute obesity mainly to food toxins and malnutrition. Receive an update when the latest chapters in this book series are published. Jan 30, 2018 evidence for an infectious origin of obesity is emerging. Viral infections and interferons in the development of obesity. Posted by paul jaminet on september 22, 2010 leave a.
Studies on more than a thousand children suggest that a viral infection may play a role in childhood obesity by increasing both the number. The world is currently experiencing an obesity epidemic as declared by the world health organization. Although infectobesity, a new term to describe obesity of infectious origin, appears to be a new concept, over the past 20 y six different. On the one hand, various microbes, including animal and human viruses, bacteria. Over the past 30 years, studies of infectobesity, a new term to describe obesity of infectious origin, have identified 10 different pathogens that cause obesity in animal models such as mice, chickens, and nonhuman primates. The easiest way to induce obesity in animals is to feed them a carb toxin and a fat toxin e.